Disputing Errors in Your Credit Report
Written by James Chan, Dongmiao Cui   


According to a study conducted by the NC Public Interest Research Group and the National Association of State PIRGS, 79% of people surveyed found errors in their credit reports. Unfortunately, it often relies on us as consumers to report any incomplete or inaccurate information. Some financial advisors may suggest you to review your credit reports periodically to make sure that the information is accurate and up-to-date.  Depending on the type of the error, the time it takes to fix it can vary greatly, sometimes up to months.  In any case, the faster you fix it, the less likely it will cause unwanted outcomes when you seek credit.


Types of Error

Errors often occur in the following 4 types: 
  1. Personal Information Error: Your personal information, such as your name, address or employment history, could be inaccurate or out-dated. This type of error is the easiest to be fixed. You can call the credit bureaus or write a short letter to them to report the wrong information.
     
  2. Credit Issuer Error: A creditor may place an inaccurate derogatory comment on your profile. For example, such comments may include late payments or delinquent accounts. This type of error made by credit issuers takes a considerably longer time to be fixed than the error in your personal information. You will need to work with both the credit bureau as well as the credit issuers to sort out the exact error.
     
  3. Credit Account Error: This is most likely a result of identity theft.  You may see credit cards and other credit accounts opened that are related to your credit profile but do not belong to you. Credit account error is the hardest to be corrected, because it can involve lengthy investigations by the credit issuers before they reconcile with the credit bureau. Once you found such error, you need to contact the credit issuer immediately.  The credit issuer will shut down the account soon after they confirm your identity.
     
  4. Payment Date Error: As it takes time for payments to be processed, credit reports may list your payment date incorrectly. So keeping an accurate record of your payment dates can help you spot and dispute payment date error.

Disputing Procedure

Both the credit bureaus and the data furnishers (such as the person or company that reports your credit information to the credit bureaus) are responsible for investigating into and, if information is verified, the error in your credit reports. The earlier you find out and report the inaccurate information, the less harm it will do to your credit score. Here is a simple 4-step recipe you can follow to fix the errors on your credit report:


Step 1: Look for Questionable Items

Review your credit reports carefully. Pay particular attention to items listed below that may cause substantial damage to your credit score. You want to make sure that all information about these 10 items is accurate, and expired records should be removed.
  1. Bankruptcy Records: Chapter 7 bankruptcy filing only remains on your credit reports for 10 years since the filing date. Chapter 13 bankruptcy filing expires from your credit report after 7 years. In addition, any account marked as “included in BK” may be removed from your reports 7 years after filing.
     
  2. Foreclosure Records: Foreclosure records remains on your credit report for only 7 years.
     
  3. Charge-off Records: When your creditor or lender charges off your delinquent debt as a loss, the write-off will be recorded in your credit report and will expire from your report after 7 years.
     
  4. Collection Records: After the account is sold to a collection agency, the collection records will remain on your credit report for 7 years. The expiration date is the same even if the account is sold to another collection agency.
     
  5. Closed Accounts: Closed accounts with negative records, such as late payment will stay on your credit report for 7 years. Closed accounts with no late payment or other negative records can remain on your report longer.
     
  6. Inquiries: Records of loan and credit applications will remain on your credit report for 1-2 years. However checking your own credit online does not account as a damaging inquiry.
     
  7. Judgments: Court decisions such as civil judgments will expire from your credit report 7 years after the date they are filed.
     
  8. Late Payments: Late payments remain on your credit report for 7 years. However only those that are late for more than 30 days will negatively impact your credit reports and credit scores throughout all 7 years.
     
  9. Tax Liens: Tax lien records can stay on your credit report indefinitely long if it is unpaid. Once paid the record still remains on your credit report for 7 years.
     
  10. Repossession Records: Records of property repossession expire after 7 years.


Step 2: Contact the Credit Bureau

Once you have found the error and verified it, you need to contact the credit bureaus immediately.  You can dispute the error by mail. The investigation form can be found online, filled out and mailed to the credit bureau. However sending a mail usually takes much longer time. A faster way to reach the credit bureaus is to call them with the phone number printed on the credit report. Or better yet, you can also submit your findings online. On the phone, you will be asked for the correct information; online, you will just fill out all the categories in the investigation form.

Upon your report, the credit bureau will contact the information provider or the data furnisher to verify the dispute. Each bureau should respond to you within 30 days after receiving your dispute letter. But some sources may take up to 45 days to verify your dispute. So you want to keep track of the progress, but also be patient.

Step 3: Contact the Credit Issuer

If you find error due to the fault of the credit issuer, such as account error (error type 3) or payment date error (error type 4), you also need to contact the credit issuers and inform them of the erroneous information. The credit issuers could be banks or credit card companies. They are responsible for researching your situation and reporting correction to the major credit bureaus. You may also ask your creditor to send you a copy of their corrections.

For this step, you want to clarify with your creditors on what exactly you ask them to do: whether you request them to update old information or delete erroneous entries. Additionally, you also want to keep your communications with your creditors in part of your documentation trial.

Step 4: Verify the Correction

After the investigation is complete and corrections are made, you should be able to receive the written results along with a free copy of your credit report from the credit bureaus. The free report does not count as your annual free report.

You can also ask the credit bureaus to send notices of the corrections to those who have received your credit report in the past 6 months.




 
Last Updated on Tuesday, 21 December 2010 17:15